Chapter-19

KIRPALANI: - 1. MR. KIRPALDAS.

Nukh: - Chhug.

Kirpalanis are found both in Amils and Bhaibunds. Chandiramani, Shinghwani and Manglani have the same Chhug Nukh. Bhambhani and Karnani Diwans of Nasheri Firoz also have the same Nukh. Families having Chhug Nukh were also living at Llar and in Punjab. They are Lohanas.

The ancestors of Kirpalani lived at Peryag. Their Shijro (family tree) starts with Diwan Lakhomal who had four sons: M/s. Askarandas, Kalyandas, Rangomal and Chaturdas.

Mr. Askarandas had two sons: M/s. Jeetdas and Maniram. Mr. Maniram’s one son Mr. Kirpaldas held a very high and important post in the government and had reached the height of glory. Mr. Kirpaldas had no children. His cousins and family members gave Mr. Kirpaldas the respect he deserved and proudly called themselves ‘Kirpalani’. The street in which they lived was called Kirpalani Ghitti.

Diwan Lakhomal’s eldest son Diwan Askarandas sired Mr. Jeetdas. From his roots came Mr. Topanmal Jethmal, Advocate. 

Diwan Askarandas’ second son Diwan Maniram had four sons: M/s. Atalrai, Mansharam, Kirpaldas and Harpaldas. 

Prominent amongst Diwan Mansharam’s roots was Master Dayaram Lekhraj and others. Their close cousins were Mr. Gagoomal Detaram Advocate, Mr. Kotumal Jhangimal retired Excise Inspector and others.

Diwan Harpaldas had two sons: M/s. Ajaibrai and Chanrai. Diwan Ajaibrai’s grandsons Diwan Gangaram Mukhi and Bhai Khemchand Sahib were renowned. 

From Diwan Gangaram’s roots came Mr. Chaturbhuj Tejumal and from Bhai Khemchand’s root came Mr. Sawaldas Mohanlal and others.

Diwan Chanrai Harpaldas sired Diwan Thawardas. He had seven sons:

Diwan Vishindas. He sired two sons: Diwan Bajasingh and Diwan Kesavdas. They had a large family.

Diwan Nirbhdas. He sired Diwan Mulchand who sired Diwan Parumal. Diwan Parumal sired Diwan Parmanand, the retired Deputy Collector and others.

Diwan Tirthdas. He expired without an issue.

Diwan Gurdasmal. From his roots came Mr. Thakurdas Khanchand Advocate and others.

Diwan Relaram sired Mr. Jashanmal.

Diwan Khatanmal sired Satramdas and he sired Diwan Khushiram. 

Diwan Khushiram had five sons: M/s. Dharamdas, Hiranand, Hashmatrai, Santdas and Motiram. The last three viz. M/s. Hashmatrai, Santdas and Motiram were I. C. S. (Indian Civil Service). In those days it was rare to have three brothers from one family to do I. C. S. exam.

Diwan Lakhomal’s second son was Diwan Kalyandas. He sired Diwan Shamdas. From his roots came Diwan Rochiram Gajumal who was the official Sindhi translator. Diwan Rochiram’s brother Diwan Hassomal was Mukhtiarkar (District Administrator). Diwan Hassomal sired Mr. Detaram who was alive in the year 1947. Their close cousins: Mr. Daryadinomal Naematrai and others.

Diwan Kalyandas’ other son was Diwan Issardas. From his roots came Mr. Khiomal Obhriyomal who was railway ticket inspector.  

Diwan Kalyandas’ son Sawaldas sired Diwan Pohumal. Diwan Pohumal sired three sons: 

Master Khubchand. He sired 5 sons: Diwan Naraindas Deputy collector, Mr. Hardasmal, Mr. Bhagchand, Mr. Pritamdas and Mr. Khushiram who expired in the year 1901.  

Babu Parmanand who sired Mr. Dharamdas and others.

Diwan Tejumal. He sired Mr. Jiwatram who was Superintendent at Marepur Salt Works and others. 

The third son of Diwan Lakhomal was Mr. Rangomal. From his roots was born Mr. Chhajomal. His descendents are called Chhajwani.           

Mr. Chaturdas was the fourth son of Diwan Lakhomal. He had five sons. M/s. Ramchand, Dharamdas, Datomal, Deenchand and Harjivan. Out of the above five, Deenchand prospered the most. 

Deenchand had two sons, M/s. Menghraj and Thakurdas.

Menghraj’s eldest son Bulchand expired without any issue. The second son was Mr. Mangatram who had two sons: M/s. Bagomal and Kodumal. Diwan Bagomal had one son named Diwan Verhomal who sired four sons: M/s. Manghanmal, Teckchand, Gaganmal and Udharam. 

Diwan Udharam Verhomal was Head Clerk with M/s. Mackinnon Mackenzie Co. He did trading on the side. After retirement he became Mukhi of Kirpalani Ghitti for eleven years. Diwan Udharam passed away at the age of 69 in 1926 and left behind three sons named M/s. Parsram, Kalachand and Motiram.

Diwan Udharam’s son Diwan Parsram worked with M/s. Volkarts Bros. and held a high post. Diwan Parsram expired at the age of 53 in the year 1934. He left behind two sons: M/s. Navalrai and Chanderbhan. Mr. Navalrai was in fact son of Mr. Kalachand and had been adopted by his brother Mr. Parsram. Mr. Chanderbhan was born thereafter. Diwan Kalachand expired at the age of 57 in the years 1939-1940.

Mr. Motiram had his own business and enjoyed good reputation and respect in the community.   

From Mr. Thakurdas Deenchand’s (brother of Menghraj) roots was born Bhai Mulchand Aaj (Ivory) Waro. Bhai Mulchand was a highly respectable man. 

Diwan Lakhomal’s (the ancestor of Kirpalani) three sons were called Diwans as they worked for the Mir and later for the British Government. Quite a few descendents of the fourth son Mr. Chaturdas were traders. They were considered and called Bhaibunds. 

Bhai Mulchand Aaj (Ivory) Waro was born on 12th May 1850 at Hyderabad. His father Bhai Menghraj Chhatomal was a Munib (manager) and worked on salary with a firm at Halla. Thereafter he joined Mukhi Chandumal and Mukhi Hiranand’s firm as a partner at Bombay. 

Bhai Mulchand’s Kako (uncle) exported Halla’s handicrafts to Bombay. Bhai Mulchand, at the age of 20 followed his uncle’s footsteps and went into the same trade. After two or three years, at his father’s instance, he switched over to buying and selling Ivory and was sent to Bombay. Ornaments made out of Ivory were very popular and in vogue with the Amil and Bhaibund ladies. He made good money out of it. 

Bhai Mulchand’s mother Shrimati Piyonandbai was a very gentle and soft-spoken lady. She was religious and fed grain and water to the birds daily. Bhai Mulchand could read and write Hindi, Sindhi and Gurmukhi. After performing his pathh (Pooja) he went to Bhai Lachmandas Beragi’s (Berag = a person who isolates himself from earthly ties and devotes his entire time praising and worshiping the Lord) Thakur D’war to seek darshan of the Thakurs (Idols of God).  

Returning from the darshan, Bhai Mulchand did marketing for his household and then went to Sain Kesoram Sufi’s Tikano (Gurdwara) located in Sipahmalani Ghitti. Both Sain Kesoram Sipahmalani and Bhai Khemchand Kirpalani were shish (disciples) of Sain Daulatram Sufi. 

Sain Kesoram served the poor and handicapped persons and contributed to the charity with an open heart. Bhai Mulchand succumbed to the influence. He also served and cared for the poor and handicapped. 

During his time the Old Civil Hospital was located at west Katchha near Pakhey Peer Chari that was later converted into a Ladies Hospital. Bhai Mulchand resided nearby and spent most of his spare time in the hospital caring for the sick. He got food cooked at home and served it to the patients. In case of a death of a patient, he paid the expense for cremation and last rites. 

Bhai Mulchand served the sick for 28 years and provided monthly dole to the needy that cost him Rs. 100/- per month.

During Bhai Mulchand’s time, famine struck Kutch and Thhar that led to an exodus to Sind. Rajarshi Diwan Dayaram Gidumal and Bhai Mulchand opened their shops and sold the grain at half the cost to the refugees. Bhai Mulchand bore the bill that cost him Rs. 36,000/-.

In the year 1897, the plague struck Sind. Both Rajarshi Diwan Dayaram Gidumal and Bhai Mulchand stood shoulder to shoulder and cared for the sick. After the epidemic was over, his (Bhai Mulchand’s) father found that during the three months of epidemic, Bhai Mulchand had withdrawn from his office (Kothi) a sum of Rs. 24,000/- for providing relief to the sick.

Hyderabad’s Bhai Partab (founder of Gandhidham, Kandla), son of Bhai Dialdas Mulchand, a philanthropic, was very close to Bhai Mulchand who had played his role in contributing to the needy and sick. Every month he gave Rs. 80/- to the Civil Surgeon at the Civil Hospital to provide milk and fruit to the sick.

Bhai Kotumal Khubchand Shroff, who was in their group, participated and contributed to the worthy cause. Bhai Gangaram Tilokchand also played his role. Bhai Mulchand passed away on Jan. 2nd 1934.  

A Reader responds (July 2006)

(Paragraph 17)

Detaram was deceased in 1959. Detaram had 4 sons, Tahilram, Dharamdas, Naraindas, and Gulabrai. All of the four sons of Detaram are now deceased. Tahilram had 2 sons. Dharamdas had 1 son. Naraindas had 2 sons. Gulabrai had 1 son. 

Lakshman Kirpalani (son of Naraindas)

gwstore17@earthlink.net 

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KIRPALANI: - 2.   DIWAN KIRPARAM. 

They are named after their forefather Diwan Kirparam.

These Kirpalanis migrated to Sind from Ach. They neither stayed in Shahdadpur, nor did they stay in Shahdadpuri Paro at Hyderabad and yet they were called Shahdadpuri Kirpalanis and were in the employment of Mir Shahdad Khan. They lived near Khiyanti Tando and Chetel Chari.

Some of these Kirpalanis are off shoots of Diwan Sachanand and call themselves Hasrajani. They preferred to be called Shahdadpuri and for many years they married their children amongst Sindhis living in small towns and villages (Barari). They were not considered Amils either. 

However, Diwan Tarachand, Mukhi of Hyderabad after reading their Shijro (family tree) determined that they are Khudabadi Amils and since ancient days their forefathers had participated in the affairs of Khudabadi Amil panchayat.  Even in the year 1947, they were connected with the Amil panchayat.

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RAMCHANDANI (UTTAMCHANDANI): - BHAI RAMCHAND UTTAMCHAND. 

Uttamchandani are Khudabadi Bhaibunds. Their forefather was Seth Uttamchand Chhatomal. At Hyderabad they lived in Dalwani Ghitti, near Khiyanati Tando and as their family grew some of them shifted to other locations. 

Seth Uttamchand had a very good rapport with the Mirs. When the British rule came, he developed rapport with them as well. Seth Uttamchand was a Municipal Counselor.

Seth Uttamchand had four sons. Bhai Chanrai, Bhai Ramchand, Bhai Udhavdas and Bhai Topandas. 

Bhai Ramachand Uttamchand sired Bhai Gaganmal, Bhai Kundanmal and Bhai Shewakram.

Bhai Gaganmal's brother Bhai Kundandas sired Mr. Jiwatram, Mr. Khubchand and Mr. Murli.

Gagandas' other brother Bhai Shewakram sired M/s. Wadhumal, Jamnadas and Hassaram. 

Bhai Khubchand Kundandas sired Ramesh, Prakash, Ashok and Drupat.

Mr. Ramesh married Shanti daughter of Bhai Bhagwandas Verhomal.of M/s. V. Lilaram & Co. They have two children: Sonia and Ranjiv.

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MANSUKHANI: - Diwan Mansukhdas.

Nukh: - Khan Ghar. 

Mansukhanis are cousins of Thadani and Shivdasanis. Families with same Nukh live in Punjab also and are called Arorvanshi. 

Around two hundred years ago, (1946), four brothers, Thadoomal, Shivdas, Devandas and Mansukhdas, lived in Multan. A tribal savage community looted and terrorized the area. The brothers were close to a Brahmin Mahraj Harkishindas who had relatives living in Sind. He advised them leave and move to Sind. The four brothers along with the Brahmin walked their way to Shikarpur and camped near Hathi Gate. 

Not satisfied with the income earned, they moved to Sahiti district. After earning some more money and accumulating wealth, they then shifted to Saywan. On the way they came across Gosain Niranjan Gur who was in his deep in meditation.  Mahraj Harkishindas noticed a snake making its way to Gosain Niranjan Gur. He, Mahraj Harkishindas, picked up a stone and killed it. Gosain Niranjan Gur thanked all of them for saving his life and invited them to his Ashram (Marhi) where they all spent some time.

The brothers and Mahraj Harkishindas then left for Manjhand where a cousin of the Mahraj stayed. They spent some time there and moved again to Hyderabad. En-route on the road to Gidhu Bunder, they were confronted by dacoits who rid them of their money and belongings. In the scuffle they were injured. Their cries attracted persons nearby who brought them to the Ashram of Gosain Niranjan (Gosain Ghitti) for treatment. 

At the recommendation of Gosain, the four brothers started working for the Mirs. The Mirs awarded them land near the Ashram where they constructed their houses, got married and settled permanently. 

Diwan Thadoomal then shifted to Nihayun Jo Pir while Shivdas (Shivdasani) and his family remained at Gosain Ghitti that had Shivdasani Ghitti in it. 

Diwan Mansukhdas and his family shifted a short distance away. The street was called Mansukhani Ghitti near Chandiramani Ghitti.

Diwan Mansukhdas’ grandson Diwan Balakram, son of Diwan Jethmal, had five sons. One of them was Diwan Deomal and other Diwan Khemchand.

Diwan Deomal’s grandson was Diwan Jethmal, son of Diwan Wadhumal. Diwan Jethmal was responsible for constructing a Panchayati Hall and other amenities at Gadi Khato Karachi. 

Diwan Jethmal’s brother Diwan Gurdinomal had two sons: Diwan Teckchand and Diwan Shewakram zamindars. 

The other brother of Diwan Jethmal was Diwan Lalchand. His son was Diwan Gopaldas.

Diwan Gopaldas’ son Diwan Khanchand was in the year 1947 a renowned and Prominent Advocate at Karachi. 

Diwan Balakram’s second son was Diwan Khemchand. He, Diwan Khemchand was a Minister of Nawab Mohd. Khan Thoro Talpar. Hyderabad’s ‘Thoray Chari’ and Thoro Tando near Fulayli were named after him.

Diwan Khemchand’s son was Diwan Metharam who after his father Diwan Khemchand’s demise succeeded his post and became Minster of Nawab Mohd. Khan Thoro Talpar and was faithful to him till end. After the death of Nawab, Diwan Metharam did not serve any other master and resigned to his farms at Tando Bhagi.

Diwan Metharam, though a Minister and a wealthy man, went out of way to look after his bradri. If someone fell ill in the bradri, he would personally visit the sick to inquire about his health.

In 1878, Sheikh Tharoomal Makhijani (a Hindu converted Muslim) living in Gosain Ghitti, was re-christened to Hinduism. But Diwan Shokiram Advani, Mukhi of the Amil Panchayat denounced him and did not desire to meet him, despite the fact that Diwan Shokiram’s daughter was married to Diwan Metharam’s son Diwan Hassaram. 

Diwan Metharam had six sons. (1) Diwan Hiranand, (2) Diwan Hassaram, (3) Diwan Tirthdas Deputy Collector, (4) Master Nihalchand, (his son was Late Mr. Gulabrai Advocate, and Mr. Kishinchand who was alive in 1947), (5) Mr. Nirmaldas (he had three sons: Chandiram, Nanikram and Kalachand, all alive in 1947), (6) and Mr. Mangharam (his son Mr. Tikamdas who was alive in 1947 and Late Mr. Nanikram).

Diwan Hassaram Metharam was born in the year 1855. Right from young age he was sharp and smart. Child marriages were common in those days and Rai Bahadur Diwan Shokiram Advani, father of Sadhu Navalrai, got his daughter Shrimati Minibai married to Diwan Hassaram.

When Diwan Hassaram grew up he joined Government Engineering Department. With his hard work and dedication he became Sub. Engineer. Diwan Hassaram expired at the age of 62 on 10th May 1917.  

Diwan Hassaram had one son: Diwan Chuharmal who was born in May 1889. In 1947, he was 68 years old and living.

Diwan Chuharmal never took any employment nor served anyone. He was a zamindar and had his ancestral farms and land that gave him sufficient income.

Diwan Chuharmal’s son Mr. Parmanand MA & LL.B., in 1947 practiced law at Hyderabad.  

Diwan Balakram Jethmal’s other three sons were Diwan Rijhumal, Diwan Mulchand and Diwan Bagomal. Diwan Mulchand had three sons: Diwan Parumal, Diwan Tahilram and Diwan Udharam.      

Diwan Udharam’s son Diwan Wadhumal was a very prominent and famous Advocate in Karachi. His son Mr. Tikamdas like his father Diwan Wadhumal was also equally successful and prominent. 

Diwan Mulchand’s fourth son was Diwan Panjumal. His sons: Mr. Gulabrai, Mr. Ramchand, Mr. Uttamchand and Mr. Nandiram.     

Diwan Mulchand’s fifth son was Diwan Idanmal whose son Rai Bahadur Diwan Rewachand was City Magistrate at Hyderabad for many years.  

Diwan Idanmal’s second son Mr. Motiram practiced law at Karachi.  

The information above relates to the descendants of Diwan Jethmal Mansukhdas. 

The other two sons of Diwan Mansukhdas were Diwan Harisingh and Diwan Rajmal. Diwan Harisingh had three sons: M/s. Lakhomal, Issardas and Manghomal.  

Diwan Lakhomal’s son Diwan Tejumal was a Judge. 

Diwan Tejumal’s eldest son Diwan Hemandas was an officer of court and his other son Diwan Parmanand was a prominent Advocate in Karachi.  

Diwan Naraindas, brother of Diwan Tejumal, had two sons: Diwan Chhatomal and Diwan Metharam. 

From Diwan Metharam’s roots: Diwan Hashmatrai retired Income Tax Officer, Mr. Tarachand and others. Rai Sahib Hundomal was their cousin.    

* Translator's (Narain Kimatarai's) note: 

I can not resist but to mention here that Diwan Hashmatrai Totiram, Diwan Shankersingh Awatsingh Kandhrani Judge and my father Bhai Sobhraj Jhamatmal were close and dear friends. I remember both Dada Hashmatrai and Dada Shanker Singh very clearly as a child.  

Mr. Bhagwan son of Diwan Hashmatrai Mansukhani is still in touch with me and we meet regularly to exchange notes. In touch is also Mr. Motiram Khanchand Mansukhani who has given me Mansukhani Shijro that is  reproduced.   

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MANSUKHANI of KARACHI: 

Diwan Menghraj sired Diwan Gurmukhdas, Diwam Gobindbux and Diwan Tejumal. 

Diwan Gobindbux sired Diwan Dholarmal, Diwan Daryanand, Diwan Issardas and one other son. 

Diwan Issardas sired Diwan Gopaldas, Diwan Totiram and Diwan Udharam. 

Diwan Totiram sired Diwan Chandiram, Diwan Hashmatrai, Diwan Khanchand and Diwan Khemchand. 

 Diwan Hashmatrai Totiram sired M/s. Bhagwan, Santu, Jiwat and Mohan. 

Diwan Khanchand Totiram sired Diwan/s Dayaram, Motiram, Parsram and Suresh. 

Diwan Dayaram married Shrimati Lila daughter of Diwan Bulchand Gidwani. They sired Mr. Naresh who married Divya and and Mr. Raju. 

Diwan Motiram married Shrimati Shoba daughter of Diwan Vilatrai Gulrajani and sired Mr. Satish who married Anjali daughter of Diwan Mohan Ladharam Purswani. 

Diwan Parsram married Shrimati Jyoti Krirani and sired Mr. Manoj. 

Diwan Suresh married Shrimati Minu daughter of Diwan Sitaldas Malani and sired Mr. Vishal.   

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RAMCHANDANI (1): - Diwan Ramchand. 

 Nukh: Dar – ri. 

Falling under the same Dar–ri Nukh are the Balwanis, Ramrakhanis and Hingoranis. They all had migrated from Jaisalmer along with Ramchandanis. 

Diwan Ramchand was son of Diwan Tharoomal and Grandson of Diwan Hingorimal. This makes Ramchandani and Hingoranis two branches of one root. 

The Ramchandanis left Jaisalmer and first went to Khudabad. From there they moved and settled at village ‘Khahi Raho’ in district Navsheri Firoz. Over the time they went to village Bhareen near Kherpur Mirpur Khas and other places in Sind. At Bhareen, they lived next to Murjani Paro. 

Diwan Ramchand along with his cousins Diwan Gurbuxrai and Diwan Amalrai went to Hyderabad. 

From Amalrai’s roots were Mr. Jethsingh Narainsingh and his brother Mr. Dingomal Advocate who call themselves Ramchandani.  

At the time when Diwan Ramchand was living at Khahi Raho, the elders of Malkani lived at Bhareen. Diwan Ramchand’s son, Diwan Nainsingh had married into Malkanis.  

Diwan Nainsingh’s son Diwan Sahibrai was adopted by his maternal grandparents. As a result Diwan Sahibrai’s son Munshi Awatrai and his descendent became Malkanis.  

Diwan Ramchand worked for the Mirs and Malkanis followed suit. This led to both the Ramchandani and Malkanis living in Malkani Ghitti. Prominent amongst the Ramchandanis was Diwan Chuharmal Advocate and others. From this family came the famous Mr. Parmanand Mewaram who had compiled the Sindhi - English and English - Sindhi Dictionaries and many other books. In October 1896, he launched a Sindi newspaper called ‘Jyot’. 

Contribution by Diwan Gobind Ramchandani. 

RAMCHANDANI (1): - Diwan Ramchand. 

Nukh: Dar – ri. 

This family tree starts with Diwan Khiomal who was an advisor to Raja Raval of Jaisalmer (Rajisthan). In the year 1759 his grandsons Hingoromal and Rangumal came to Sind. Hingoromal’s family settled at Khudabad and Hyderabad. Later the descendents called themselves Ramchandani’s after  

Hingoromal’s grandson Ramchand Tharumal. They came to be known as Khudabadi Amils (Persian meaning educated). Rangumal’s descendents became  

Hingorani and settled at Bhurgri (Karachi). Being educated they were appointed  

as Government officials under Kalhora and Mir rulers and then took to other  

professions as Lawyers, Doctors and Engineers.   

Khiomal sired Sukhanand who sired Hingoromal. Hingoromal sired four sons:  

M/s. Tilumal, Bhagchand, Khubchand and Tharumal.  

Mr. Tilumal sired M/s. Motiram and Amalrai. Mr. Amalrai sired three sons: M/s.  

Manikchand, Harumal and Lakhadinomal. Mr. Lakhadinomal sired three sons:  

M/s. Hotsingh, Nihalsingh and Pritamdas. Mr. Nihalsingh sired four sons: M/s.  

Moolsingh, Fatehsingh, Dharamdas and Uttamchand. Mr. Fatehsingh sired two  

sons: M/s. Narainsingh and Partabrai. Mr. Narainsingh sired five sons: M/s.  

Jethsingh, Pessumal, Dingomal, Chandiram and Bulchand. 

Mr. Jethsingh Narainsingh sired six sons and two daughers. Sons: M/s.  

Ramsingh, Kishinchand, Bhagwandas aka Gamu, Gobindram aka Khoti,  

Arjandas, Tirthsingh. Daughters: Ms. Jamna and Sundri. 

Mrs. Jamna (1913-1996) sired three sons: M/s. Ramesh, Prakash and Vishnu.  

Mr. Ramesh sired M/s. Arvind and Anik. Mr. Prakash sired Tara and Rustum  

and Vishnu sired Sairya, Priya and Maya.  

Ramsingh Jethsingh sired Prem (1941-1965) and Rajan (born 1948). Rajan 

Ramsingh sired Dinesh (born1973) and Rohit (born 1977)  

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RAMCHANDANI (2): - Bhai Ramchand Ailmal. 

These Ramchandanis are Bhaibunds and migrated to Hyderabad from Saywan.  

As Diwan Fatehsingh Tejsingh Batani worked for the Mirs at Hyderabad, he, around the year 1785, moved to Hyderabad from Saywan and stayed in Khatu Bandan Ghitti. 

A little later his cousins also migrated to Hyderabad and formed their on Paro (locality) called ‘Sehwani Jo Paro’ near Khatu Bandan Ghitti. 

Bhai Ramchand Ailmal was the first Hindu who founded a school teaching Hindu Sindhi (Hatai or wanka) and Arabi Sindhi school and received Government Grant.   

Bhai Ramchand’s grandson Mr. Bhavandas Tilokchand was in the year 1947 Manager of ‘Bal Sudhar School’. Hyderabad’s ‘Ramchand Ailmal School’ was a branch of ‘Bal Sudhar School’.

Read: Interfaith Dialogue

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'The Source of Sindhi Surnames' is a translation into English, by Mr. Narain Sobhraj Kimatrai from the original in Sindhi by Mr. Diwan Bherumal Mahirchand Advani